Operation Learn-To-Read-Vietnamese: Tones

There are six tones in Vietnamese:

NameSymbolLevel/toneExampleEnglish Meaning
ngangamid levelmaghost
sắcárisingmámother
huyeànàlow falling, sometimes breathymàwhich
ngããhigh risingmãtomb
hỏiảfalling risingmảhorse
naëngạlow constrictedmạrice seedling

The tones differ in pitch, length, and intensity. Depending on the tone, similarly spelled words can have different meanings. Confusing? Yes!